| Type |
Shrub, groundcover |
| USDA Hardiness range |
6A - 7B |
| Exposure |
Partial shade to full sun |
| Bloom color |
White |
| Bloom time |
Spring |
| Water needs |
Dry to moist |
| Landscape uses |
Border, cascades, container, erosion control, foundation, ground cover, massing |
| Height |
5' to 8' / 1.60m to 2.40m |
| Spread |
6' to 10' / 1.80m to 3.00m |
| Growth rate |
Moderate |
| Persistence |
Deciduous |
| Bloom attributes |
Attracts butterflies |
| Leaf color |
Green |
| Fruit color |
Black, red |
| Soil pH requirements |
Acidic, neutral, alkaline, slightly alkaline |
| Soil type |
Sandy, clay, loamy |
| Form |
Rounded, spreading or horizontal |
| Attributes and features |
Attracts birds, invasive |
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