| Type |
Shrub, groundcover |
| USDA Hardiness range |
3A - 9A |
| Exposure |
Partial shade to full sun |
| Bloom color |
White |
| Bloom time |
Spring |
| Water needs |
Moist |
| Landscape uses |
Border, container, ground cover, massing, screen, specimen |
| Height |
12" to 24" / 30cm to 60cm |
| Spread |
18" to 24" / 45cm to 60cm |
| Growth rate |
Moderate |
| Persistence |
Deciduous, broadleaf |
| Bloom attributes |
Attracts butterflies |
| Leaf color |
Green |
| Fruit color |
Black, purple |
| Soil pH requirements |
Acidic, neutral, slightly alkaline |
| Soil type |
Sandy, clay, loamy |
| Form |
Oval |
| Attributes and features |
Attracts birds, native to North America, invasive, naturalizing |
| |
|
